Notes

Inter-tribal warfare was a central feature of Maori culture but, as the carnage grew with the coming of the musket, many northern chiefs became disillusioned with the constant demands of utu and moved away from their old habits to the ways of peace as advocated by the missionaries.

Tamati Waka Nene was one of them and he made the keynote speech at Waitangi, urging the chiefs to sign the Treaty as a way of ending the killing.